Veci nie s\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi, ale skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa v na\u0161ich o\u010diach. Toto je poznanie, ktor\u00e1 z\u00e1sadne zmenilo soci\u00e1lne vedy. Je toti\u017e \u013eahko preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e9 dejinn\u00e9 udalosti sa neodohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa ako n\u00e1slednos\u0165 jedn\u00e9ho a druh\u00e9ho faktu, ale ako n\u00e1slednos\u0165 obrazu a interpret\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 si s udalos\u0165ami sp\u00e1jame. Je to tak trochu ot\u00e1zka \u013eudskej pam\u00e4te a mysle, ale je to omnoho viac ot\u00e1zka povahy kult\u00fary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Americk\u00fd filozof Daniel\nDennet je \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 kognit\u00edvnou vedou a filozofiou mysle.\nHovor\u00ed, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00fd mozog m\u00e1 neuverite\u013en\u00fa schopnos\u0165 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 \u010diastkov\u00e9 \u00fatr\u017eky\nreality a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 z nich pocit konzistentnej reality. Probl\u00e9m toti\u017e je, \u017ee aby\nsme st\u00edhali registrova\u0165 cel\u00fd svet okolo seba, museli by sme ma\u0165 komplexn\u00fd mozog\ntis\u00edcov tvorov. Nie na\u0161u vlastn\u00fa osamoten\u00fa bedni\u010dku, ktor\u00e1 je z\u00fafalo slab\u00e1 a\npomal\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1sadn\u00fa rolu v tom, ako\nvn\u00edmame svet, preto zohr\u00e1va kult\u00farny k\u00f3d \u2013 v te\u00f3rii zn\u00e1meho evolu\u010dn\u00e9ho biol\u00f3ga\nRicharda Dawkinsa \u2013 \u201emem\u201c. Tento mem je jednotkou kult\u00farnej evol\u00facie, je\nz\u00e1kladn\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm kame\u0148om reprodukcie kult\u00fary podobne, ako je g\u00e9n z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm\nstavebn\u00fdm kame\u0148om biologickej reprodukcie \u017eivota. No oboje \u2013 g\u00e9n aj mem \u2013 s\u00fa\nviac ako ich nosite\u013e. Mem je ve\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 spr\u00e1va sa sobecky a sleduje vlastn\u00fd cie\u013e \u2013\nreprodukova\u0165 sa bez oh\u013eadu na svojich nosite\u013eov, na \u013eud\u00ed. Tak\u017ee kult\u00fare je\nvlastne celkom jedno, kto a ako sa o nej vyjadruje, preto\u017ee u\u017e samotn\u00e9\nvyjadrovanie ju replikuje \u2013 a to je pre kult\u00faru to najpodstatnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je to celkom depres\u00edvne. Ma\u0165\npocit, \u017ee sme iba mal\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ktor\u00e9 nevedome \u0161\u00edria ideol\u00f3giu a kult\u00faru mimo\nvlastn\u00e9ho vedomia \u010di v\u00f4le, je dos\u0165 frustruj\u00face. No t\u00fato te\u00f3riu potvrdzuj\u00fa\nviacer\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy \u2013 a ani kult\u00farna sociol\u00f3gia jej nie je \u00faplne vzdialen\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoh\u00ed teoretici sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali\nanalyzova\u0165 sp\u00f4soby, ako sa v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 udalosti pretransformovali do spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho\nvedomia \u013eud\u00ed \u2013 ako si \u013eudia vytvorili jednotn\u00fd obraz o tom, \u010do sa stalo, a ak\u00fd\nto malo v\u00fdznam. V roku 2012 jeden z nich \u2013 Dominik Bartma\u0144ski \u2013 pop\u00edsal sp\u00f4sob,\nako sa p\u00e1d \u017eeleznej opony zak\u013e\u00fa\u010doval do na\u0161ej kult\u00fary, na ak\u00fd k\u00f3d sa naviazal,\na ako si ho dnes preto pam\u00e4t\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre n\u00e1s, ktor\u00ed sme boli na\nn\u00e1mestiach slovensk\u00fdch alebo \u010desk\u00fdch miest v 89, je t\u00e1 spomienka mo\u017eno \u0161ir\u0161ia.\nNo pre podstatn\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed za z\u00e1pade, sa sp\u00e1ja najm\u00e4 so slovami \u201e\u017eelezn\u00e1\nopona\u201c a obrazom berl\u00ednskeho m\u00faru. Oboje s\u00fa ikonickou reprezent\u00e1ciou viac \u010di\nmenej ne\u017en\u00fdch revol\u00faci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vo v\u00fdchodnom bloku na\u0161tartovali rozpad\nsovietskeho zv\u00e4zu. No pr\u00e1ve obraz poma\u013eovan\u00fdch bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch panelov v Berl\u00edne a\n\u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ich vlastnoru\u010dne r\u00facaj\u00fa, vyjadruje rozpad socializmu v strednej\nEur\u00f3pe najviac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zatia\u013e nevieme jednozna\u010dne\npoveda\u0165 pre\u010do sa pr\u00e1ve tento obraz stal dominantn\u00fdm vyjadren\u00edm p\u00e1du re\u017eimu.\nUr\u010dite je v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed, farebnej\u0161\u00ed a kontroverznej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e gu\u013eat\u00fd st\u00f4l Lecha Walesu\nalebo spievaj\u00faci pesni\u010dk\u00e1ri na p\u00f3di\u00e1ch ve\u013ek\u00fdch n\u00e1mest\u00ed v Bratislave \u010di Prahe.\nV\u00fdraznos\u0165 mu ur\u010dite prid\u00e1va aj obrazov\u00e1 absurdita bet\u00f3nov\u00e9ho plotu uprostred\nve\u013ekomesta. A m\u00e1 nesporn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fa estetick\u00fa hodnotu, preto\u017ee\nvyjadruje s\u00faboj \u010dloveka z m\u00e4sa a kost\u00ed so zabet\u00f3novan\u00fdm mon\u0161trom, ktor\u00e9 vyzer\u00e1\nnezdolate\u013ene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale \u2013 ako v\u0161etky kult\u00farne\nikony, aj Berl\u00ednsky m\u00far je reprezent\u00e1ciou v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho pr\u00edbehu \u2013 pr\u00edbehu dobra a\nzla, pr\u00edbehu posv\u00e4tn\u00e9ho a prof\u00e1nneho, pr\u00edbehu slobody a represie \u2013 teda\npr\u00edbehu, ktor\u00fdm sa na\u0161a kult\u00fara reprodukuje bez oh\u013eadu na n\u00e1s \u2013 solit\u00e9rnych\njednotlivcov. M\u00e1me toti\u017e onu \u010darovn\u00fa vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa pop\u00edsal filozof Dennet,\nke\u010f odkazoval na Dawkinsov sobeck\u00fd mem \u2013 \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017eeme vn\u00edma\u0165 realitu v jej\ncelistvosti, iba si vytv\u00e1rame ak\u00fasi predstavu o realite na z\u00e1klade \u00fatr\u017ekov,\nktor\u00e9 sme schopn\u00ed reflektova\u0165, vz\u00e1jomne zdie\u013ea\u0165 a prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165. Kult\u00farny k\u00f3d,\nktor\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom tak\u00fdchto ikonick\u00fdch obrazov reprodukujeme, je v\u0161ak ve\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Veci nie s\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi, ale skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa v na\u0161ich o\u010diach. Toto je poznanie, ktor\u00e1 z\u00e1sadne zmenilo soci\u00e1lne vedy. Je toti\u017e \u013eahko preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e9 dejinn\u00e9 udalosti sa neodohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa ako n\u00e1slednos\u0165 jedn\u00e9ho a druh\u00e9ho faktu, ale ako n\u00e1slednos\u0165 obrazu a interpret\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 si s udalos\u0165ami… Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[60,38,59,57,45,58],"class_list":["post-1167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-berlinsky-mur","tag-ikona","tag-kognitivna-veda","tag-kulturna-evolucia","tag-kulturna-sociologia","tag-mem"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/009.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1167\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ideology.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}